5.1: Multiple Intelligence Theory in the Classroom: A Brief Note

How are students “smart” in different ways?

Students are smart in different ways because each child has different innate abilities and learning styles. The “one-size-fits-all” approach to learning does not take this into account. According to this theory, educators should teach the way the student learns. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory of Learning and Human Potential is based on nine distinct intelligences. His theory challenged popula psychology and educational theories of the day. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences are:

1. Verbal-linguistic intelligence (well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words)

2. Logical-mathematical intelligence (ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical and numerical patterns)

3. Spatial-visual intelligence (capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly)

4. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skillfully)

5. Musical intelligences (ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch and timber)

6. Interpersonal intelligence (capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others)

7. Intrapersonal (capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes)

8. Naturalist intelligence (ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature)

9. Existential intelligence (sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence such as, What is the meaning of life? Why do we die? How did we get here? (Source: Thirteen ed online, 2004 )

How can teachers use multiple intelligences in the classroom?

Since students learn in different ways, education would best be served if information is presented in different ways, and learning is accessed through a variety of means. In the Annenberg video, there were several  exemplary examples of teachers using MI Theory in their classrooms to facilitate learning. I particularly liked the elementary school teacher’s use of stations to teach about the parts of the plant. Watercolor, writing, reading, drawing and even acting is provided to allow students to learn through their own natural learning styles. This allows for students to engage in their learning of academic material on many different levels. In my own classroom, I always look for opportunities to provide a variety of activities based on Gardner’s MI Theory  for students to learn.